Classification of Living Organisms
Two Kingdom System of Classification
Linnaeus (1758) gave this system of classification, according to which all living organisms are grouped into two large Kingdoms.
Plantae- (includes all plants)
Animalia- (includes all animals)
Plants can be differentiated from animals on the basis of their nutrition, movements, types of growth, body structure and cellular structure. But there are few exceptions to all these characteristics and because of these exceptions this system has been criticized.
Four Kingdom System of Classification
This system of classification was given by Copeland (1956). He has divided all organisms into four kingdoms.
Kingdom Mycota or Monera- They are group of organisms having incipient nucleus.
e.g. Bacteria and Blue green algae.
Kingdom Protoctista- They are the organisms having true nucleus.
e.g. Protozoa, red and brown algae and fungi.
Kingdom Plantae- These are multicelluler plant having cell wall and chloroplast. e.g. Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
Kingdom Animalia- They are multicelluler animals showing eukaryotic organization.
e.g. All eukaryotic animals.
Five Kingdom System of Classification
R. H. Whittaker (1969) gave this system of classification. He is divided all organisms into five kingdoms.
1. Kingdom-Monera- It includes all the prokaryotic organisms lacking nuclear membrane, mitochondria and plastids.
e.g. Blue-green algae and bacteria.
2. Kingdom-Protista- It includes unicellular, aquatic eukaryotes having nucleus, plastids, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi bodies.
e.g. Amoeba, Euglena etc.
3. Kingdom-Plantae- It includes all the coloured, multicelluler, photosynthetic, terrestrial and acquatic plants.
e.g. Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
4. Kingdom-Fungi- It includes multicellular heterotrophic organisms lacking plastids and photosynthetic activity.
5. Kingdom-Animalia- It includes all multicelluler animals showing eukaryotic organization. They lack plastids and photosynthetic pigments and shoe holozoic mode of nutrition.
e.g. All eukaryotic animals.
Plantae- (includes all plants)
Animalia- (includes all animals)
Plants can be differentiated from animals on the basis of their nutrition, movements, types of growth, body structure and cellular structure. But there are few exceptions to all these characteristics and because of these exceptions this system has been criticized.
Four Kingdom System of Classification
This system of classification was given by Copeland (1956). He has divided all organisms into four kingdoms.
Kingdom Mycota or Monera- They are group of organisms having incipient nucleus.
e.g. Bacteria and Blue green algae.
Kingdom Protoctista- They are the organisms having true nucleus.
e.g. Protozoa, red and brown algae and fungi.
Kingdom Plantae- These are multicelluler plant having cell wall and chloroplast. e.g. Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
Kingdom Animalia- They are multicelluler animals showing eukaryotic organization.
e.g. All eukaryotic animals.
Five Kingdom System of Classification
R. H. Whittaker (1969) gave this system of classification. He is divided all organisms into five kingdoms.
1. Kingdom-Monera- It includes all the prokaryotic organisms lacking nuclear membrane, mitochondria and plastids.
e.g. Blue-green algae and bacteria.
2. Kingdom-Protista- It includes unicellular, aquatic eukaryotes having nucleus, plastids, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi bodies.
e.g. Amoeba, Euglena etc.
3. Kingdom-Plantae- It includes all the coloured, multicelluler, photosynthetic, terrestrial and acquatic plants.
e.g. Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
4. Kingdom-Fungi- It includes multicellular heterotrophic organisms lacking plastids and photosynthetic activity.
5. Kingdom-Animalia- It includes all multicelluler animals showing eukaryotic organization. They lack plastids and photosynthetic pigments and shoe holozoic mode of nutrition.
e.g. All eukaryotic animals.
posted by Mohd Sayeed Akhtar at
5:14 AM
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